Fluorescent dyes may bleach, or leach from, the nanoparticles or alter the physicochemical properties of nanoparticles and their interactions with and uptake by cells. In spite of the widespread use of these techniques, the use of fluorescent labels also poses some risks and has several drawbacks.
The surface modification of cells with nanoparticles or the internalization of nanoparticles by cells is usually monitored with fluorescence-based techniques, such as flow cytometry and confocal microscopy.
One key element in the development of cell-based delivery systems is the loading of the cell-based carrier with the nanoparticle cargo, which can be achieved either by internalization of the payload or by immobilization on the cell surface. The use of cell-based carriers allows one to enhance control over the biodistribution of drug-loaded polymers and polymer nanoparticles.
Cells are attractive carriers for the transport and delivery of nanoparticulate cargo.
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